Bonzo’s $9 million exploit wasn’t caused by broken smart contracts. It exposed how weaknesses in oracle security can compromise even well-audited DeFi protocols, forcing builders to rethink infrastructure security.
Apps vs DApps evolved from debate to collaboration by 2025. DApps cut fraud 67% in African healthcare via blockchain security, saw 40% fewer breaches than centralized apps. DeFi platforms like Yellow Card offer zero-intermediary loans; remittance DApps slash fees from 7% to under 1%. Scalability breakthroughs (Ethereum, Solana) speed transactions while lowering costs. Total value locked hit $180B Q1 2025. MediLedger, Kotani Pay, EMURGO Africa prove hybrid finance merges compliance with decentralization.
